What communication protocols are used for AC charging pile control boards?

The communication protocols of the AC charging pile control board mainly include the following types:

1. OCPP 1.6 Protocol

OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol) 1.6 is an open communication protocol widely used in public charging networks for communication between charging stations and Central Management Systems (CMS). Its key features include:

• Communication Mechanism: Utilizes the WebSocket protocol, supporting real-time bidirectional communication with JSON message format for high data transmission efficiency.

• Functional Support: Supports features such as intelligent charging, load management, remote monitoring, and billing management.

• Compatibility: Enables seamless integration of charging devices from different manufacturers into the same network, facilitating remote monitoring and management.

2. GB/T 18487.1-2015 Protocol

This is the Chinese standard, which defines the communication mechanism between AC charging piles and on-board chargers (OBCs) in electric vehicles. Its core is the control pilot circuit (CP/CC signal mechanism):

• CP signal: Power is negotiated via the duty cycle of a PWM square wave, while fault information is transmitted through level changes.

• CC Signal: Confirm the physical connection via resistance value, which is a prerequisite for "charging permission.".

• Features: No need for complex protocol stacks; secure and efficient collaboration is achieved solely through hardware signals, making it suitable for slow charging scenarios.

3. Other Communication Protocols

• MQTT Protocol: A lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for device communication in low-bandwidth and unstable network environments.

• HTTP/HTTPS Protocol: Used for information exchange between charging piles and the backend management system, such as reporting the operational status of charging piles and receiving remote control commands.

• CAN Bus: Inside the charging pile, the control board communicates with other functional modules (such as power modules, metering modules, etc.) via the CAN bus, ensuring real-time data sharing and interaction.

4. Payment Interaction Protocol

• For communication between charging piles, user terminals, and payment platforms, enabling functions such as charging fee calculation, payment instruction transmission, and transaction result feedback. Common examples include customized payment interface protocols based on XML or JSON formats, as well as standardized payment protocols provided by third-party payment platforms (e.g., WeChat Pay and Alipay interface protocols).

These communication protocols collectively ensure that the charging pile control board can efficiently and securely exchange and communicate data with the vehicle, the backend management system, and the user terminal.

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