What is the composition of the main board of the car communication charging station?

The motherboard of the car communication charging station is the core component of the charging station, which has a complex composition and mainly includes the following parts:

1.control unit

• Microprocessor (MCU) or Digital Signal Processor (DSP): This is the "brain" of the motherboard, responsible for executing various control instructions and algorithms. It can control the charging process based on feedback from the vehicle battery management system (BMS), user settings, and the status of the charging station itself. For example, during the charging process, it can determine the charging mode (constant current charging or constant voltage charging) and corresponding current and voltage parameters based on the remaining battery capacity and charging demand. At the same time, it can also process communication data, manage billing systems, and monitor various states of charging stations.

• Storage unit: used to store control programs, charging parameter settings, user information, charging records, and other data. The capacity and read/write speed of the storage unit will affect the functional expansion and data processing efficiency of the charging station. For example, a larger storage capacity can store more user charging records, facilitating data analysis and statistics.

2.Power circuit section

• Rectification circuit: If the input AC power needs to be rectified, this part of the circuit will convert the AC power into DC power, providing stable DC power for other electronic components inside the charging station. In some charging station motherboards, the rectified DC power is also used to provide power for control units, communication modules, etc.

• Filter circuit: Its main function is to filter out clutter and interference signals in the power supply, making the output voltage smoother and more stable. Filter circuits are usually composed of components such as capacitors and inductors, which can effectively reduce the impact of factors such as grid fluctuations and electromagnetic interference on the performance of charging stations. For example, in some places with complex electromagnetic environments, a good filtering circuit can ensure stable operation of the charging station.

• Voltage stabilization circuit: responsible for stabilizing the rectified and filtered voltage within a specific range to meet the power supply voltage requirements of various modules inside the charging station. The voltage regulator circuit can use linear voltage regulator chips or switch voltage regulator chips, which can be selected according to different application scenarios and power requirements. For example, when the voltage of the power grid fluctuates to a certain extent, the voltage regulator circuit can ensure that the power supply voltage of the charging pile motherboard remains basically unchanged.

3.Charging control circuit

• Power regulation module: This is a key component for achieving charging power control. It adjusts the AC current and voltage output to the vehicle according to the instructions of the control unit, thereby achieving charging of different powers. For example, in a 7KW AC charging station motherboard, the power regulation module will stabilize the output power at around 7KW based on feedback from the vehicle BMS and preset charging strategies. Power regulation modules typically include power devices such as IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistors, which can quickly and accurately control current and voltage.

• Charging mode control circuit: used to implement different charging modes, such as timed charging, quantitative charging, automatic full charging, etc. This circuit works in conjunction with the control unit to meet the different charging needs of users by controlling the start, pause, and stop of charging. For example, in timed charging mode, the charging mode control circuit will start the charging process at a specified time according to the time set by the control unit.

4.communication circuit

• Internal communication interface: used for communication between various modules inside the charging station motherboard. For example, by using the CAN bus (Controller Area Network) interface, the control unit can efficiently and stably transmit data with modules such as power circuits, charging control circuits, and metering circuits. The CAN bus has the characteristics of high reliability, real-time performance, and strong anti-interference ability, which can ensure the coordinated operation between various modules.

• External communication module: including Ethernet interface, Wi Fi module, 4G/5G communication module, etc., used for communication with external devices. Through these communication methods, the charging station motherboard can exchange information with the vehicle BMS, obtain the status information of the vehicle battery, and send charging parameters to the vehicle. In addition, it can communicate with the backend management system, upload information such as the operation status and charging data of the charging station, and receive management instructions from the backend. Moreover, users can communicate with the charging station motherboard through a mobile app to view charging progress, remotely control charging operations, and more.

5.metering circuit

• Electricity metering chip: It is the core component for measuring the amount of charged electricity. It calculates the charging amount by real-time sampling of the current and voltage during the charging process and using methods such as integration. High precision electricity metering chips can ensure the accuracy of measurement, with some chips achieving a measurement accuracy of up to 0.1%. The measurement circuit also considers the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and humidity on the measurement results, and improves the reliability of the measurement through calibration and compensation algorithms.

• Billing module: Calculate the charging fee based on the measured charging amount and preset billing rules (such as electricity based billing, time-based billing, tiered billing, etc.). The billing module is connected to the communication circuit and can send the billing results to user terminals (such as mobile apps) or backend management systems. It also supports multiple payment methods, such as card swiping and QR code scanning.

6.protect circuit

• Electrical safety protection circuits: including overcurrent protection circuits, overvoltage protection circuits, undervoltage protection circuits, and leakage protection circuits. The overcurrent protection circuit will monitor the charging current in real time. When the current exceeds the preset safety threshold, it will quickly cut off the charging circuit to prevent excessive current from damaging the vehicle battery and charging station itself. Overvoltage protection and undervoltage protection circuits are designed to address voltage fluctuations in the power grid, ensuring that the voltage input to the charging station and output to the vehicle remains within a safe range. The leakage protection circuit detects the leakage current. Once the leakage situation exceeds the safety standard, the power supply is immediately cut off to avoid the danger of electric shock to personnel.

• Temperature protection circuit: Due to the heat generated by the charging station during the charging process, the temperature protection circuit is used to monitor the temperature of the motherboard and related components. When the temperature is too high, it will take measures such as reducing charging power, pausing charging, or activating the cooling device to prevent component damage due to overheating and ensure the safe operation of the charging station.