How many protocol stacks do we need to rewrite for the exchange pile control board when going to the EU?

Going abroad to the EU, exchanging charging station control boards is not a simple upgrade of protocol versions, but a comprehensive reconstruction from communication hardware to upper level software. There are four main protocol stacks that need to be refreshed or added.

1、 Vehicle pile communication: shifting from PWM to ISO 15118

• Traditional communication stations rely on CP line PWM analog signal handshake, while EU regulations require digital communication between vehicles and stations.

• The control board needs to add PLC carrier hardware, running GreenPHY on the CP line, supporting plug and play charging and V2G.

• Starting from January 2026, public communication stations will be required to upgrade from ISO 15118-20227 to ISO 15118-20.

2、 Pile and backend: OCPP 1.6J upgraded to 2.0.1

• 1.6J does not support certificate processing and plug and play charging, and must be replaced with 2.0.1, with a focus on Profile 3.

• It requires mutual TLS, X.509 certificate chain, secure boot, and firmware signing.

• The control board also requires a dedicated security chip to store keys and certificates.

3、 Network Security: Compliant with RED's EN 18031

• Starting from August 2025, networked charging stations are required to comply with EN 18031-1, which requires TLS 1.2 or higher encryption, disable default passwords, and have security update mechanisms.

• If equipped with payment function, it may also trigger EN 18031-3, which must be evaluated by a third-party EU notified body and cannot be self declared.

4、 Coordination between metering and power grid

• Electricity metering requires MID certification, and Germany also needs to meet the additional requirements of Eichrecht.

• In terms of intelligent charging, the control board needs to support OpenADR or IEC 61850, communicate with the distribution network operator, receive scheduling signals, and dynamically adjust power.

Summary in one sentence:

Not just brushing a few protocols, but replacing communication hardware, adding security chips, and rewriting the upper layer protocol stack. From PWM plus 1.6J, fully switch to PLC plus ISO 15118-20 plus OCPP 2.0.1 Profile 3 plus EN 18031 plus MID. The workload is equivalent to redesigning the software architecture of the control board.

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